Solar Energy, How it works and 5 advantages of solar energy

Do you know? The sun is almost three quarters hydrogen and most of the remaining mass in helium. Because of fusion reaction in the sun, it emits billions of degree celcius.

Image by andreas160578 from Pixabay

Energy conversion

The sun is the ultimate source energy for all organisms living in the world. The harnessing of solar energy from the sun made by solar panels. How solar energy is transformed into another form of energy!

that is interesting story.

The most abundant energy of sun is harnessed bu using the most abundant material silicon. The starting process of solar panels are made with silicon. The light is the smallest quantity of energy that can be transported and it because like a wave. Energy of the sun is converted to electrical energy.

image credit: Tssenthi,distributed under a CC BY-SA 4.0 licenses.

Concept of P type and N type semiconductor

We know that silicon has 14 protons and 4 valance electrons in the outer most shell. In the czochralski, method pure poly crystalline structure silicon is made.

P type

Trivalent impurities like Al,B,Ga has 3 valance electrons in the outermost orbit. Doping of these impurities in intrinsic semiconductor called P type material.These semiconductors have a place to hold the electrons. Because of one unpaired electron in the structure of poly crystalline.

N type

Pentavalent impurities like Ar,Sn having 5 valence electrons in the outermost orbit. Doping these impurities in intrinsic semiconductor called N type material. These semiconductors have an extra electron in the structure of poly crystalline.

Formation of PN Junction

The majority carrier of P type material having holes and N type material having electrons. The minority carrier of P type materials are electrons as well as n type materials are holes. The simple construction of P and N type material joined together.

The region where P and N type material meets called the PN Junction.

Depletion region in PN Junction

In the PN Junction, the majority carriers of N type material are migrating from N type to P type material.Hence the result in formation of positive ions in the N type and negative ions in P type region called depletion region. Hence depletion region in the PN junction forms the electric field.

Photons strike in PN Junction

The light is a smallest quantity of energy that can be transported and it is a part of the spectrum.

A photon is an elementary particle with an imaginary size behave like a wave.

When light strike the PN junction and the photon energy is sufficient to generate electron hole pairs in the depletion region.

Generate electricity

The electric field in the depletion region force the electrons and holes in the opposite direction of depletion region. This result accumulation of electron in the n region and holes in the region.

Specifications

The technical specifications of solar cells are considered as, Maximum power (W), Tolerance(%),Voc, Isc, Maximum power voltage (v), maximum power current(I), Module efficiency solar cell efficiency, Fuse rating, Water resistant, Max system voltage operating temperature,dimension and weight.